Health & biology · 2016
Base editing
A disabled Cas9 fused to a deaminase changes a single DNA letter without cutting the helix.
David Liu's lab published base editing in 2016. In 2025 a personalised base editor was used to treat a baby with the rare liver disorder CPS1 deficiency, designed in about six months.
What it built on 1
What it led to 2
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Cost to sequence a human genome Latest: 525 $ (2022) Source: Our World in Data