Stone to Silicon

Health & biology · 1990

Gene therapy

Four-year-old Ashanti DeSilva received her own cells carrying a working ADA gene.

The 1990 NIH trial for ADA immune deficiency was the first approved human gene therapy. After a 1999 death and leukaemia cases, safer vectors emerged and the field reached approvals in the 2010s.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

What it led to 2

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Cost to sequence a human genome Latest: 525 $ (2022) Source: Our World in Data