Stone to Silicon

Artificial intelligence · 1954

Georgetown-IBM translation

An IBM 701 translates 60 Russian sentences into English in public.

The Georgetown-IBM experiment used about 250 words and six grammar rules to translate Russian to English on an IBM 701. Its success triggered heavy US funding for machine translation and optimistic predictions of solving it within years.

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The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)

Computation per constant dollar, 1850-2006 Latest: 7.3B million units of computer power per 2006 $ (2003) Source: Nordhaus 2007, Two Centuries of Productivity Growth in Computing, J. Econ. Hist. 67(1), Table 6