Communication · c. 800 BCE
Greek alphabet
Greeks repurpose unused Phoenician letters as vowels, creating the first full alphabet.
By about 800 BCE Greeks had adapted Phoenician letters and assigned some to vowel sounds, so a text could be read aloud by someone who did not already know the words. It carried Homer, philosophy and science, and was the ancestor of the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.
What it built on 1
What it led to 2
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Literacy rate, England/UK since 1475 Latest: 98.5 % (1950) Source: Our World in Data
Literate share of the world Latest: 87.7 % (2024) Source: Our World in Data