Computing · 2007
High-k metal gate
A new gate material to stop transistors from leaking.
Intel's 45 nm process replaced silicon dioxide with hafnium-based dielectric and metal gates. It cut leakage current sharply and kept scaling going.
What it built on 1
What it led to 1
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Transistors per microprocessor Latest: 58.2B transistors (2021) Source: Our World in Data