Stone to Silicon

Communication · c. 650 BCE

Library of Ashurbanipal

An Assyrian king collects over 30,000 clay tablets into a catalogued royal library.

At Nineveh in the 7th century BCE, Ashurbanipal ordered texts copied and gathered from across Mesopotamia, including the Epic of Gilgamesh. Its more than 30,000 tablets and fragments, now in the British Museum, preserved much of what we know of Mesopotamian literature and science.

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Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

What it led to 1

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Manuscript production per century, Italy Latest: 1.42M manuscripts (1400) Source: Our World in Data