Transport & space · around 2035
Permanent lunar base
Projection
A crew lives year-round at the Moon's south pole, using ice for water and fuel.
A standing base would be a laboratory, a test bed for off-Earth industry and a stepping stone to Mars. Polar ice could be split into oxygen and hydrogen propellant.
Why it’s plausible: Artemis and other national programmes plan crewed landings this decade; permanence depends on sustained budgets, heavy-lift reusability and in-situ resource use actually working.
What it built on 6
Related measurements
Payloads in low Earth orbit Latest: 14.5k objects (2025) Source: Our World in Data
Objects launched into space Latest: 4.51k per year (2025) Source: Our World in Data