Stone to Silicon

Transport & space · around 2035

Permanent lunar base

Projection

A crew lives year-round at the Moon's south pole, using ice for water and fuel.

A standing base would be a laboratory, a test bed for off-Earth industry and a stepping stone to Mars. Polar ice could be split into oxygen and hydrogen propellant.

Why it’s plausible: Artemis and other national programmes plan crewed landings this decade; permanence depends on sustained budgets, heavy-lift reusability and in-situ resource use actually working.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 6

Related measurements

Payloads in low Earth orbit Latest: 14.5k objects (2025) Source: Our World in Data

Objects launched into space Latest: 4.51k per year (2025) Source: Our World in Data