Communication · c. 2,900 BCE
Papyrus
Pressed reed strips make a light, rollable writing sheet that serves the Mediterranean for 3,000 years.
Egyptians laminated strips of papyrus pith into sheets and rolls; a blank roll from the tomb of Hemaka dates to about 2900 BCE. Far lighter than clay, it carried hieratic script, Greek literature and Roman administration until parchment and paper replaced it.
What it built on 1
What it led to 2
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Manuscript production per century, Italy Latest: 1.42M manuscripts (1400) Source: Our World in Data
Share of people living in cities Latest: 57.5 % (2025) Source: Our World in Data