Stone to Silicon

Communication · c. 2,900 BCE

Papyrus

Pressed reed strips make a light, rollable writing sheet that serves the Mediterranean for 3,000 years.

Egyptians laminated strips of papyrus pith into sheets and rolls; a blank roll from the tomb of Hemaka dates to about 2900 BCE. Far lighter than clay, it carried hieratic script, Greek literature and Roman administration until parchment and paper replaced it.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

What it led to 2

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Manuscript production per century, Italy Latest: 1.42M manuscripts (1400) Source: Our World in Data

Share of people living in cities Latest: 57.5 % (2025) Source: Our World in Data