Food & agriculture · 1864
Pasteurization
Gentle heating killed the microbes that spoil wine and milk without boiling the flavour away.
Louis Pasteur developed the process in 1864 to stop wine souring. Applied to milk from the late 19th century, it sharply reduced tuberculosis, typhoid and infant diarrhoea in cities.
What it built on 2
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Child mortality (under 5) Latest: 3.74 % (2024) Source: Our World in Data
Life expectancy in the UK since 1543 Latest: 81.3 years (2023) Source: Our World in Data
Height of men by birth year, UK Latest: 177 cm (1980) Source: Our World in Data