Stone to Silicon

Computing · October 2025

Verifiable quantum advantage

A quantum computer outruns supercomputers on a result that can be checked.

Google's Quantum Echoes algorithm, run on the Willow chip, measured an out-of-time-order correlator about 13,000 times faster than classical supercomputers, as published in Nature. Unlike earlier sampling demos, the output is a verifiable physical quantity.

See it in the living treeWikipediaSource

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Selected gate-model quantum processors Latest: 1.12k physical qubits (2023) Source: Wikipedia: Timeline of quantum computing and communication; Wikipedia: List of quantum processors