Math & science · 1660
Royal Society
London founds a society to test claims by experiment, motto 'take nobody's word for it'.
The Royal Society and the Paris Academy (1666) created the scientific journal, with Philosophical Transactions from 1665. Peer communication made science cumulative and public.
What it built on 1
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Patents awarded in England, 1700-1851 Latest: 455 patents per year (1851) Source: Our World in Data
New book titles per million people, UK Latest: 2.11k titles per million (2009) Source: Our World in Data