Stone to Silicon

Math & science · c. 1974

Standard Model

Quantum field theory describes all known particles and three of the four forces.

Quantum chromodynamics (1973) and the discovery of the charm quark in 1974 completed the framework. Every collider result since has matched it.

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Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 2

What it led to 3