Stone to Silicon

Communication · 2016

Algorithmic short video (TikTok)

A recommendation engine, not a friend list, decides what billions watch next.

ByteDance launched Douyin in China in September 2016 and TikTok internationally in 2017. Its feed ranked short videos by machine learning over viewing behavior rather than social connections, a model competitors copied; it passed 1 billion monthly users in 2021.

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What it built on 3

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Share of people online Latest: 73.6 % (2025) Source: Our World in Data

Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people Latest: 112 per 100 people (2025) Source: Our World in Data