Transport & space · c. 3,000 BCE
Ox-drawn wagon
Solid-wheeled carts pulled by oxen turn farms and towns into a connected economy.
Four-wheeled wagons with solid wooden wheels spread across Eurasia in the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE. Oxen could pull far more on wheels than on sledges, so harvests, trade goods and building stone could move overland. Wagon burials on the steppe show how prized these vehicles were.
What it built on 2
What it led to 1
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
World GDP over a million years Latest: 41k billion 1990 international $ (2000) Source: DeLong 1998, Estimating World GDP, One Million B.C. - Present; Wikipedia: Gross world product (DeLong table, cross-check)