Stone to Silicon

Transport & space · c. 3,000 BCE

Ox-drawn wagon

Solid-wheeled carts pulled by oxen turn farms and towns into a connected economy.

Four-wheeled wagons with solid wooden wheels spread across Eurasia in the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE. Oxen could pull far more on wheels than on sledges, so harvests, trade goods and building stone could move overland. Wagon burials on the steppe show how prized these vehicles were.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 2

What it led to 1

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

World GDP over a million years Latest: 41k billion 1990 international $ (2000) Source: DeLong 1998, Estimating World GDP, One Million B.C. - Present; Wikipedia: Gross world product (DeLong table, cross-check)