Materials · 1948
Basic oxygen steelmaking
Pure oxygen blown into iron makes a heat of steel in under an hour.
Robert Durrer demonstrated oxygen steelmaking at Gerlafingen, Switzerland, in 1948. VÖEST commercialized the LD process at Linz in 1952. It replaced open hearth and now makes about 70 percent of the world's steel.
What it built on 2
What it led to 1
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
CO2 emissions Latest: 39B t (2025) Source: Our World in Data