Stone to Silicon

Energy · 1942

Fluid catalytic cracking

A fluidized catalyst powder cracks crude into high-octane fuel continuously.

Eugene Houdry's fixed-bed catalytic cracking ran commercially from 1937, and the first fluid catalytic cracker started in Baton Rouge in 1942. High-octane gasoline from FCC units fueled Allied aircraft and still produces much of the world's gasoline.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Crude oil price since 1861 Latest: 435 current US$ per m3 (2025) Source: Our World in Data

US air passenger traffic, 1930-1993 Latest: 772B passenger-km (1993) Source: Our World in Data

Fossil fuel consumption Latest: 144k TWh (2025) Source: Our World in Data