Energy · 1913
Thermal cracking
Heat and pressure break heavy oil into more gasoline.
William Merriam Burton's process at Standard Oil of Indiana, patented in 1913, roughly doubled the gasoline yield from a barrel of crude. It let refineries keep up with the explosion of automobiles after the Model T.
What it built on 2
What it led to 1
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Crude oil price since 1861 Latest: 435 current US$ per m3 (2025) Source: Our World in Data
Private cars in the UK Latest: 22M cars (1998) Source: Our World in Data
Fossil fuel consumption Latest: 144k TWh (2025) Source: Our World in Data