Transport & space · 1876
Internal combustion engine
Otto's four-stroke engine burns fuel inside the cylinder, compact power for any vehicle.
Nicolaus Otto's 1876 engine used the intake, compression, power and exhaust cycle, delivering far better efficiency than earlier gas engines. It was light and self-contained compared with steam. It became the power source for cars, aircraft, tractors and generators.
What it built on 4
What it led to 8
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Private cars in the UK Latest: 22M cars (1998) Source: Our World in Data
US households with a car Latest: 91 % of households (2005) Source: Our World in Data
Crude oil price since 1861 Latest: 435 current US$ per m3 (2025) Source: Our World in Data