Stone to Silicon

Energy · 1866

Self-excited dynamo

A generator that powers its own magnets turns mechanical work into electricity at scale.

In 1866 to 1867 Werner von Siemens, Charles Wheatstone and others showed the dynamo principle, using the machine's own output to energize its field magnets. It made electricity cheap enough for lighting and industry, ending dependence on batteries.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 2

What it led to 8

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

UK electricity output since 1896 Latest: 3.57M MWh (1998) Source: Our World in Data

World electricity generation Latest: 31.8k TWh (2025) Source: Our World in Data