Computing · February 2026

HBM4 memory

Stacked memory reaches 3.3 TB/s per stack.

Samsung shipped the first commercial HBM4 at 11.7 Gbps per pin and up to 3.3 TB/s per stack, 2.7 times HBM3E, on a 4 nm logic base die. Memory bandwidth, not arithmetic, sets the pace of large-model inference.

See it in the living tree Wikipedia Source

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

High Bandwidth Memory 2013

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

ML hardware FLOP/s per dollar Source: Epoch AI, ML hardware (CC BY 4.0)

Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)