Stone to Silicon

Communication · c. 830 CE

House of Wisdom

Abbasid Baghdad translates Greek, Persian and Indian science onto cheap paper.

Under Caliph al-Ma'mun, the Baghdad House of Wisdom was a center of translation and scholarship, helped by Baghdad's paper mills from the 790s. Works of Euclid, Ptolemy and Indian mathematics were preserved and extended there, later reaching Europe in Latin translation.

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What it built on 2

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Manuscript production per century, Italy Latest: 1.42M manuscripts (1400) Source: Our World in Data