Stone to Silicon

Materials · July 2025

Wafer-scale 2D InSe

Two-inch wafers of an atomically thin semiconductor that beats silicon roadmaps.

Peking University grew 2-inch wafers of indium selenide, published in Science. Its transistors reached mobility of 287 cm2/V·s with a subthreshold swing near 67 mV/dec, beating the chip industry's 2037 projections.

See it in the living treeWikipediaSource

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 2

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Transistors per microprocessor Latest: 58.2B transistors (2021) Source: Our World in Data