Stone to Silicon

Communication · 1377

Metal movable type (Jikji)

Korean monks print a Buddhist text with cast metal type, 78 years before Gutenberg's Bible.

Jikji, printed at Heungdeok Temple in 1377, is the oldest extant book printed with movable metal type. Goryeo Korea had used metal type since the early 13th century; in 1443 Korea also created Hangul, an alphabet designed to be easy to learn.

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Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 2

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Books consumed per person, Western Europe Latest: 0.12 books per person per year (1775) Source: Our World in Data