Communication · c. 1440

Movable-type printing press

Gutenberg combines cast metal type, oil ink and a screw press, and books become cheap.

In Mainz around 1440 to 1450, Johannes Gutenberg developed a hand mould for casting uniform type, an oil-based ink and a press adapted from wine presses; his Bible appeared around 1455. By 1500 European presses had produced an estimated 20 million volumes, fuelling the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution and mass literacy.

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