Artificial intelligence · 2017

Libratus

An AI beats top professionals at heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em.

Tuomas Sandholm and Noam Brown's Libratus won by 14.7 big blinds per 100 hands over 120,000 hands against four pros. It handled hidden information with game-theoretic equilibrium computation. Its six-player successor Pluribus followed in 2019.

See it in the living tree Wikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 2

Deep Blue 1997
Game theory 1944

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)

ML hardware FLOP/s per dollar Source: Epoch AI, ML hardware (CC BY 4.0)