Stone to Silicon

Communication · 1878

Telephone exchange

A switchboard lets any subscriber call any other, and the phone becomes a network.

The first commercial exchange opened in New Haven, Connecticut, in January 1878 with 21 subscribers. Switching turned point-to-point lines into a network whose value grew with each user; Almon Strowger's automatic exchange followed in 1891.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 1

What it led to 2

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

US households with a landline phone Latest: 41.7 % of households (2018) Source: Our World in Data

Fixed telephone lines per 100 people Latest: 9.9 per 100 people (2025) Source: Our World in Data