Stone to Silicon

Communication · around 2028

Universal real-time translation

Projection

Earbuds translate spoken conversation in any major language with natural voices and little lag.

Speech models now transcribe, translate and speak in one pass. Near-seamless translation would lower the language barrier for travel, work, education and migration.

Why it’s plausible: Real-time speech-to-speech translation already ships for dozens of languages; universality depends on low-resource languages, latency and accuracy in noisy conversation.

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What it built on 5

Related measurements

Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)

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