Materials · 1709
Coke-fired iron smelting
Coal baked into coke replaces scarce charcoal in the blast furnace.
Abraham Darby I smelted iron with coke at Coalbrookdale in 1709. Iron production was freed from forests, a key step toward the Industrial Revolution.
What it built on 2
What it led to 13
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Output of key industries in England, 1270-1870 Latest: Coal: 3.77k index (1700=100) (1870) Source: Our World in Data
UK coal production since 1700 Latest: 2.17M tonnes (2019) Source: Our World in Data
Fossil fuel consumption Latest: 144k TWh (2025) Source: Our World in Data