Energy · around 2034
Enhanced geothermal at scale
Projection
Drilling rigs borrowed from the shale industry tap hot rock almost anywhere for firm clean power.
Enhanced geothermal systems fracture hot, dry rock and circulate water through it, turning heat miles down into steady electricity. At scale it would add round-the-clock clean power in regions with no volcanic resources.
Why it’s plausible: Horizontal drilling and fracturing know-how from oil and gas already transfers directly; the open questions are drilling cost at depth, well longevity and managing induced seismicity.
What it built on 4
Related measurements
Share of electricity from low-carbon sources Latest: 42.6 % (2025) Source: Our World in Data
World electricity generation Latest: 31.8k TWh (2025) Source: Our World in Data
World primary energy by source Latest: 178k TWh (2025) Source: Our World in Data