Stone to Silicon

Computing · around 2036

Orbital data centres

Projection

Solar-powered compute clusters in orbit run AI workloads with near-continuous sunlight.

In a sun-synchronous orbit, solar panels produce power most of the time and heat radiates to space. Orbital compute could sidestep land, grid and water constraints on data centres.

Why it’s plausible: Launch costs are falling and small orbital compute demos exist; it depends on radiation-tolerant hardware, heat rejection at scale and launch cost per kilogram falling much further.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 5

Related measurements

Payloads in low Earth orbit Latest: 14.5k objects (2025) Source: Our World in Data

Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)

Objects launched into space Latest: 4.51k per year (2025) Source: Our World in Data