Computing · around 2036
Orbital data centres
Projection
Solar-powered compute clusters in orbit run AI workloads with near-continuous sunlight.
In a sun-synchronous orbit, solar panels produce power most of the time and heat radiates to space. Orbital compute could sidestep land, grid and water constraints on data centres.
Why it’s plausible: Launch costs are falling and small orbital compute demos exist; it depends on radiation-tolerant hardware, heat rejection at scale and launch cost per kilogram falling much further.
What it built on 5
Related measurements
Payloads in low Earth orbit Latest: 14.5k objects (2025) Source: Our World in Data
Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)
Objects launched into space Latest: 4.51k per year (2025) Source: Our World in Data