Stone to Silicon

Energy · 1954

Silicon solar cell

Bell Labs makes a 6% efficient silicon cell from transistor-era doping.

Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson unveiled the silicon solar cell in April 1954. Early cells cost hundreds of dollars per watt; the same silicon p-n junction, refined for 70 years, now generates more electricity than any other new source added each year.

See it in the living treeWikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 3

What it led to 7

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Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Solar PV module price Latest: 0.12 $/W (2025 USD) (2025) Source: Our World in Data

Installed solar capacity Latest: 2.4k GW (2025) Source: Our World in Data

Share of electricity from low-carbon sources Latest: 42.6 % (2025) Source: Our World in Data