Health & biology · around 2029

Personalised cancer vaccines

Projection

An mRNA vaccine designed from each patient's tumour mutations trains the immune system to hunt it.

Sequencing a tumour identifies neoantigens unique to it, and an mRNA vaccine encoding them is made in weeks. Paired with checkpoint drugs it aims to prevent relapse after surgery.

Why it’s plausible: Randomised trials in melanoma and pancreatic cancer have reported encouraging results; approval depends on larger phase 3 outcomes and fast, affordable manufacturing.

See it in the living treeWikipedia