Health & biology · 2003

Human Genome Project

The first human genome, about 3 billion letters, was read at a cost of around $3 billion.

An international consortium and Celera published drafts in 2001 and declared completion in April 2003. The remaining gaps were filled by the Telomere-to-Telomere consortium in 2022, and the reference now anchors nearly all human genetics.

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