Artificial intelligence · 2024
Reasoning models (o1)
Models trained with RL to think at length before answering.
OpenAI's o1, previewed September 12, 2024, used large-scale reinforcement learning to produce long private chains of thought. It reached 83% on AIME 2024 math problems (with consensus sampling) against GPT-4o's 13%, and opened a second axis of scaling beyond pretraining.
What it built on 3
What it led to 12
Related measurements
The dashed line marks when it first worked.
Best AI score on GPQA Diamond Latest: 95.8 % correct (2026) Source: Epoch AI, Capabilities & benchmarking (benchmark_data.zip, gpqa_diamond.csv); Anthropic: Claude 3 public launch (March 4, 2024)
Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)