Health & biology · 2020

AlphaFold 2

DeepMind's network predicted protein structures at near-experimental accuracy in CASP14.

AlphaFold 2 reached a median accuracy score of about 92 GDT at CASP14 in 2020, solving a 50-year problem. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper shared the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for it.

See it in the living tree Wikipedia

Arcs above join it to what it stood on, arcs below to what it led to. The bar places this stretch on the tree's whole timeline.

What it built on 5

Transformer 2017
Tensor Processing Unit 2015
Deep learning (AlexNet) 2012
CASP 1994
Protein Data Bank 1971

What it led to 4

AlphaFold Protein Database 2021
AlphaFold 3 2024
AI-driven materials discovery ~2030
Therapies that slow ageing ~2040

Watch

AlphaFold: The making of a scientific breakthroughGoogle DeepMind · YouTube

Related measurements

The dashed line marks when it first worked.

Training compute of notable AI models Source: Epoch AI, Notable AI Models (CC BY 4.0)

Cost to sequence a human genome Latest: 525 $ (2022) Source: Our World in Data